

October 26, 2008
“The Good News and Bad News on Hearing Loss”
I found some really interesting studies this past week and thought I should share. According to a presentation made in June at the International Society of Audiology Congress in Hong Kong and also published online by Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, smoking and excess weight (and occupational noise exposure) are risk factors for age-related hearing loss. But on the bright side of things, another study led by Erik Fransen of the University of Antwerp, in Belgium, found that moderate alcohol consumption (at least one drink per week) actually had a protective effect on hearing!
THE STUDY:
Involved 9 audiological centers in 7 European countries and 4083 participants between the ages of 53 and 67. The participants filled out questionnaires on their exposure to environmental risk factors and their medical history. Hearing tests were performed and the participants' pure-tone averages were adjusted for age and sex. The researchers analyzed the data in search of risk factors for hearing loss.
The collected data interestingly showed that smoking significantly increased hearing loss in frequencies
over 1000 Hz, with the degree of damage being dose-dependent. The effect of smoking on hearing remained significant even after cardiovascular disease was factored in.
A high body mass index (BMI) also correlated with increased hearing loss. And here's one for all you tall people: tall people were found to have better hearing on average, with a more pronounced effect at low frequencies! And moderate alcohol consumption was inversely correlated with hearing loss in both high and low frequencies.
And not to say we don't know already, but the research also confirms many earlier findings that exposure to noise contributes to hearing loss later on in life. Exposure to excessive noise is the major avoidable cause of permanent hearing loss worldwide, according to the world health organization. So why aren't we doing more to protect our vital sense? It is something that can be avoided if we took the proper measures and is something we would not want to loose.
In the article, the author (Erik Fransen) concluded, “Hearing loss has always been considered an inevitable part of aging, but more and more studies seem to indicate this is not necessarily true. Apparently a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial for hearing conservation at higher ages.”
Later that year, the American Academy of Audiology (AAA) issued a statement on preventing noise-induced occupational hearing loss, asserting, “No one needs to loose his or her hearing in order to ear a living.” The statement outlines best practices and, in closing, notes that the acdemy “supports audiologists leading the efforts to prevent occupational hearing loss through comprehensive programs.”
“We want people to have an intuitive knowledge of what sounds are dangerous, what the consequeces of being exposed to those sounds are, and how to protect themselves so they apply them on their own in every situation. So, when they're in the workplace, their naural tendency is going to be to demand hearing protection.”
PREVENTION AT WORK
Hearing loss prevention isn't just kids stuff. Researchers at NIOSH are tackling workplace prevention from every angle, beginning with a greater push to gather data on the incidence and prevalence of work-related hearing loss and the occurrence of hazardous noise exposure in occupational settings.
Other goals of the institute's 2007-2016 research agenda are: to reduce noise through enginnering controls, to improve the use and effectiveness of personal protection devices, to establish evidence-based best practices for hearing loss prevention programs, and to identify hearing loss risk factors, such as individual susceptibility to noise and exposure to ototoxins.
What's more, NIOSH is using health communication theory to develop training materials for workers on the use and proper fit their hearing protectors. Just as women make it a habit to get annual mammograms and motorists instinctively buckle up, NIOSH wants to empower workers to adopt behaviors to protect their hearing. “Words have impact and how you communicate the training message has a real impact, “ Stephenson notes.
There are compelling reasons to teach adult workers, members of the armed forces, and veterans about preventing hearing loss. Quality of life, of course, is one. Money is another. From an occupational point of view, the sting of workers' compensation costs is helping spur interest in prevention. Nationally, occupational hearing loss costs an estimated $242.4 million annually in disbility alone, NIOSH reports.
Employers really look toward hearing loss prevention programs as a way to impact those long-term costs,” Meinke says.
For its part, the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) paid out $1.2 billion in compensation to veterans in fiscal year '06 for service-related hearing loss and tinnitus, says Stephen Fausti, PhD, director of the National Center for rehabilitative Auditory Research (NCRAR) in Portland, OR. “So prevention has some very profound economic issues associated with it,” he says, but adds, “You also have to think about quality of life in later years.”
With that in mind, the NCRAR is collaborating with the US army on a multimedia educational program to be piloted at two military installations and the Portland DVA Medical Center. Soldiers and veterans will access computer modules that provide information about hearing, the damage that noise can inflict upon the auditory system and the importance of hearing protection. Participants will experience what it's like to have hearing loss and tinnitus via computer simulation and they'll self administer a screening examination to test their own hearing.